Variable-speed multiple-stage turbine.



No. 806,720.` Y PATENTED DEC. 5, 1905.

' F. WINDHAUSEN.

VARIABLE SPEED MULTIPLE STAGE TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 16. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Fly. 2,

Illa/f No. 000,720. PATENTED DB0. 5,1905. F. WINDHAUSEN. VARIABLE'SPEBDMULTIPLE STAGE TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 16. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 5, 1905.

Application filed February 16, 190.5.- Serial No. 245,949.

' angle of discharge for the steam are constant give good results as faras the consumption of steam is concerned only when the machine .runs ata denite speed. The following proposals have been made in order toobtain economy in steam consumption in the case of a steam-turbinerunning at various speeds: First, in the case of multiple-stagesteam-turbines to vary the number of the stages by removing the guidingdevices of one or more stages from the course of the steam by means ofspecial devices; second, in the case of single-stage steam-turbines (inthe case of which the number of stages is invariable) to provide two ormore groups of nozzles having separate means for the admission of steam,the angles of discharge of which groups of nozzles are of differentmagnitudes and to supply steam to the one or to the other group ofnozzles according to the speed desired;

. third, in the vcase of multiple-stage steam-turbines to vary the angleof discharge of the steam in the irst stage and simultaneously to alsoalter the number of stages of the turbine. In the case of these turbinestwo or more groups of nozzles provided with separate means for steamadmission are employed in the first stage, the angles of discharge ofsaid groups of nozzles being different, Whereas in the following stagesthe angles of discharge of the guiding devices are constant, while thenumber of stages can be altered by switching Aout one or more stages.

The present invention relates to a multiplestage steam or. gas turbinethe speed of which can be altered.

One feature of a turbine constructed according to the present inventionis that in its individual stages two or more cooperating groups ofguiding devices are arranged which may have separate steam admission andin which the admission-angle or the dischargeangle ory both angles ofthe first stage and also of the following stages of the one group aredifferent from the corresponding angles of the guiding devices of theother group or groups. For each velocity desired it is advantageous tohave a groupof guiding devices, the angle of admission and the angle ofdischargevofwhich are adapted to the desired velocity. Each separategroup of guidingdevices may have separate means for the admission oflive steam. If, for example, a multiple-stage turbine is to be adaptedto run at two different speeds, in each stage of the turbine two guidingdevices may be arranged, which form in the turbine two cooperatinggroups. The admission angle or the discharge-angle or both angles of theguiding devices of the one group for the one velocity are different fromthe corresponding angles of the guiding devices of the other group forthe other velocity.

Two embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings` in which- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinalsection of a multiple-stage actual steam-turbine, the turbine beingadapted to run at two different speeds. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatictransverse section on the line A B of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a diagrammaticdevelopment of a part of the vane-wheels and guiding devices. Fig. 4 isa diagrammatic transverse section, and Fig. 5 a diagrammatic.longitudinal section of a second embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, it will be seenthat the turbine has only one chamber. Two groups of guiding devices ZJto 55 and c' to 05, respectively,

corresponding to the two different speeds required, are provided in theturbine. In each stage one guiding device of each group Z2 b2 b3 and cc2 c3 c4 is arranged. Steam is admitted to the group to b5, as indicatedby the arrow l, and to the group o to c5, as indicated by the arrow 2.The admission-angle and discharge-angle of the guidingdevices to b5 ofthe one group (in the present case each about twenty -three degrees) aredifferent from the corresponding angles of the guiding devices c' to o5of the other group (in the present case each about thirty degrees.) Ifnow the turbine is to run, for example, at lthe lower speed, steam isadmitted, as indicated by the arrow l, only to the group c to c5, whichpossesses the greater admission and discharge IOO IIO

angles, whereas for the higher speed steam is admitted, as indicated bythe arrow 2, solely to the group ZJ to b5, which has smaller angles.

The above-described turbine contains only a single chamber or cell, andthe steam-pressure within the chamber may be nearly uniform.Consequently the steam, which, for example, flows through the guidingdevices of the group b to b5, has no or only a slight tendency to escapethrough the gaps between the guiding devices and the vane-wheels and soto pass away through the guiding devices c to o5 or to iiow away in thedirection of the arrows 3 and 4. In the case of turbines which consistof several chambers or cells the steam flowing away from the particulargroup of the rst chamber in use at the time can iiow not only into thecorresponding group of guiding devices in the next chamber, but alsointo the other groups of guiding devices not belonging to this group,which are not suited to the speed required. This disadvantage can, inthe case of multiple-stage turbines for various speeds, be removed asmuch as possible by providing closing devices between the guidingdevices of one chamber and those of the next chamber, `of which closingdevices only those are at the same time opened which belong to one andthe same group of guiding devices, whereas the closing devices for theremaining groups of guiding devices are closed. In Figs. 4 and 5 anexample of such a turbine with two chambers g h is diagrammaticallyrepresented. This turbine with partial radial flow is designed for twodierent speeds and accordingly possesses two groups of guiding devices bto b and o' to c6, respectively. The guiding devices b to b have steamadmission or discharge angles which are different from the correspondingangles of the guiding devices c to c, The group c' to o6 serves, onaccount of its greater discharge-angle, for the slow speed,while thegroup b to In, with its smaller discharge-angles, is for the higherspeed. Closing devices c' and m, respectively, are inserted between theguiding devices b to b3 and c' to o3, respectively, of the one chamberand the guiding devices b4 to Z2 and 04 to c6 of the next chamber. Onlythose closing devices belonging to one group of guiding devices areentirely or partially opened at the same time, the other closing deviceswhich belong to the other group being closed while the former areopened. If, for example, the turbine is to run at the low speed, thelive-steam valves f, as well as the closing devices c' between the twochambers, are entirely or partially opened, and the steam can iiow onlythrough the group of guiding devices c to c6, while the live-steamvalves l and the closing devices m for the group b to b are closed. Byarranging closing devices between the guiding devices of o 'ne chamberand those of the next chamber it is rendered possible for the steamfiowing out of the last row of blades a3 to be able to flow farther onlythrough the opened closing devices z' and the guiding devices c4 to c6belonging thereto, because the closing devices m for the other group ofguiding devices b* to b are closed. If these closing devices z' and m,respectively, were not provided, the steam passing away from the lastrow of blades c3 would be able to flow both through the guiding devicesc4 c5 c and also through guiding devices Zi* b5 b.

In the turbine represented in Figs. 4 and 5 each separate nozzle isprovidedwith a separate closing device, (valve, cock, slide, or thelike,) in order that'the quantity of steam flowing therethrough may beregulated in a wellknown manner according to the power required. In manycases it is sufficient to arrange only a single closing device betweenthe guiding devices of the one chamber and the corresponding guidingdevices of the next chamber.

In the case of turbines having very many pressure-stages it is notalways necessary for the guiding devices of each pressure stage orchamber to be provided with closing devices. In many cases it issufiicient for only some of the chambers to be provided with closingdevices.

In the case of turbines according to the present invention, the featuresof which have been described above, it is indeed advantageous, but notalways necessary, for a guiding device to be provided in each stage foreach of the various desired speeds. In many cases it is sufficient fortwo or more groups of guiding devices to be arranged only in some, butnot in all of the stages of the turbine.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A multiple-stage steam-turbine for various speeds comprising two ormore groups of guiding devices for each stage and to each set of whichgroups steam can be separately admitted, the discharge-angle of theguiding devices of the first set being different from the correspondingangle of the guiding devices for the other set or sets.

2. A multiple-stage steam-turbine for various speeds comprising two ormore groups of guiding devices for each stage and to each set of whichgroups steam can be separately admitted, the discharge-angle of theguiding devices of the rst set being different from the correspondingangle of the guiding devices ICO IIS

for the other set or sets, and the admissiondiate guiding devices oi oneset being different from the corresponding angles of the guiding devicesof the other set or sets.Y

4. A multiple-stage steam-turbine for various speeds comprisingaplurality of chambers, two or more groups of guiding devices arranged ineach of said chambers and to each set of which group steam can beseparately admitted, the discharge-angle' of the guiding devices of oneset being different from the corresponding anglesof the guiding devicesof the other set or sets, and closing devices interposed between theguiding devices of one chamber and those of the next chamber, theclosing devices of one set of guiding devices alternately operating withrespect to the closing devices for the other set or sets of guidingdevices.

5. A multiple-stage steam-turbine for various speeds comprising aplurality of chambers,

two or more groups of guiding devices arranged in each of said chambersand to each set of which groups steam can be separately admitted, theadmission-angle and the dischargeangle of the guiding devices of one ofthe sets being dilerent from the corresponding angles of the other setor sets, and closing devices interposed between the guiding devices ofone chamber and those of the adjacent chamber, the closing devices forthe guiding devices of one of the sets alternately operating withrespect to the closing devices of the other set or sets.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing Witnesses.

FRANZ WINDHAUSEN. Witnesses:

HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

